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fondly[|fɑ:ndli]애정을 듬뿍담고
'Old friend '
Articles in this series are examining the promises and challenges that China faces as it tries to educate its citizens more broadly.
2013년 6월 27일 목요일
Park ready to charm China
2013년 6월 24일 월요일
各地出台措施促进毕业生就业（政策聚焦）
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制图：蔡华伟
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6月19日晚，青海270名高校毕业生坐上西宁到格尔木的列车，他们将在青海盐湖股份公司参加上岗培训。这标志着青海省未就业大中专毕业生专项就业培训工程全面启动。该省３万名未就业大学生将通过培训工程提高能力素质与职业技能，更好地与市场对接。
资料显示，今年我国高校毕业生达到699万人,创历史新高，就业压力加大，结构性矛盾十分突出。国务院办公厅日前发出关于做好2013年全国普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知，各省出台实施细则，积极创新举措力促大学生就业。
*技能 [jìnéng] 对接 [duìjiē] 연결하다. 도킹하다.
*技能 [jìnéng] 对接 [duìjiē] 연결하다. 도킹하다.
拓宽毕业生就业渠道
如何适应新的就业形势和特点，进一步细化和完善促进高校毕业生就业创业的政策措施，各地做出了积极探索。
广东近日明确，在政府投资和重大建设项目审批时，要在可行性研究报告中细化就业影响评估的相关内容，将新增就业岗位作为政府投资项目的重要考虑因素。
北京提出，高校毕业生到中小微企业就业，各级公共就业和人才服务机构要按规定为其提供人事档案托管服务，在专业技术职称评定、科研项目经费申请、科研成果或荣誉称号申报等方面，将享受与国有企事业单位同类人员同等待遇。
天津今年开始实施“实习生储备双百计划”。天津市人力社保局将组织市内外百所职业院校与本市百家重点缺工企业对接，使学校成为企业人力资源储备基地，企业成为学校学生实习教学基地。每年储备实习生10万人，实习后转化为企业用工的比例达到30%以上。“双百计划”职业院校一次性向认定的重点缺工企业输入实习人员50人以上，且稳定实习满3个月的，按照每人1500元的标准，给予奖励。3个月后继续在该企业实习的，每满1个月按照每人每月500元标准增加奖励，奖励金额最高不超过3000元。
拓宽 [tuòkuān]확장하다. 넓히다.探索 [tànsuǒ] 탐색하다.
储备 [chǔbèi] 비축하다. 저장하다.
拓宽 [tuòkuān]확장하다. 넓히다.探索 [tànsuǒ] 탐색하다.
储备 [chǔbèi] 비축하다. 저장하다.
就业求职补贴“真金白银”
国办通知提出，从2013年起，对享受城乡居民最低生活保障家庭的毕业年度内高校毕业生，可给予一次性求职补贴。为促进高校毕业生就业，各地拿出了真金白银。
今年起，江苏省不仅对低保家庭毕业生发放一次性求职补贴，还给吸纳困难家庭毕业生的企业发放一次性就业补贴，以“双补”形式提高毕业生的就业率。
在辽宁，凡是到县属乡镇、村工作，且服务期限满2年以上的高校毕业生，其在校期间申领国家助学贷款利息按高校隶属关系由同级财政负担，本金由省财政和服务所在市、县财政按4∶4∶2的比例代为偿还；工作满4年，其学费由政府一次性返还，所需经费由省财政和服务所在地市、县财政按4∶4∶2的比例分担。
吉林规定，高校毕业生到见习基地见习，基本生活补助费由不低于原当地最低工资标准，提高到不低于当地最低工资标准的160%。
广东出台的新措施对高校毕业生自主创业提供了最大力度的支持。自主创业资金不足的，可申请最高10万元的小额担保贷款，多人组织起来创业的，总额最高200万元的额度实行“捆绑式”贷款，除国家限制的行业外都可给予财政贴息。
另外，在广东，创业者还可以获得成功创业资助和优秀创业项目资助。领取营业执照正常经营6个月以上的，给予5000元左右的一次性创业资助；经相关部门评选出的优秀创业项目，可给予5万—20万元的一次性资助。
北京提出，持《就业失业登记证》并具有自主创业证明的高校毕业生，从事个体经营的，3年内按每户每年8000元为限额依次扣减当年实际应缴纳的营业税、城市维护建设税、教育费附加和个人所得税。
吸纳 흡수하다. 받아들이다.申领 신청하여 받다.利息 [lìxī]이자
隶属 [lìshǔ]예속되다. 종속되다.见习 [jiànxí]견습, 실습하다.
吸纳 흡수하다. 받아들이다.申领 신청하여 받다.利息 [lìxī]이자
隶属 [lìshǔ]예속되다. 종속되다.见习 [jiànxí]견습, 실습하다.
高校毕业生“就业难”，与此同时，却是许多企业被“招工难”问题所困扰。一边是人才过剩，一边是招不到人，两难并存，让人对今年的就业状况难以乐观。
中西部的一些地方则为找不到人才烦恼。湖北襄阳就出台系列政策“抢人”。襄阳市近日发布的《关于鼓励和支持大学生来襄阳创业就业的若干意见》显示，全日制普通高校在校生和毕业5年以内的大学生，凡具有学士学位，到襄阳的企业就业或自主创业，均可享受由政府直接发放到个人的每月500元生活补贴和200元租房补贴，时间最长可达3年。
就业难，除了就业总量增加外，国办通知中也指出了其它方面的原因。比如，有的政策尚未落实到位，或政策效应尚未得到充分发挥。
为此，国办通知要求，各地区、各有关部门要抓紧对高校毕业生就业政策落实情况组织一次集中检查，逐项督促落实。对尚未制定具体实施办法的，要抓紧研究制定，尽快实施，并跟踪了解落实情况；对其中门槛高、手续复杂的，要本着尽可能方便高校毕业生享受政策的原则，制定简便易行的操作流程，切实降低门槛、简化程序。
过剩 [guòshèng]과잉되다.逐项 [zhúxiàng]한항목 한항목, 축항적으로 督促 [dūcù]감독하다. 재촉하다.跟踪 [gēnzōng]바짝 따르다. 미행하다. 추적하다.
门槛 [ménkǎn]문턱
《 人民日报 》（ 2013年06月24日 02 版）
2013년 6월 18일 화요일
Faltering Economy in China Dims Job Prospects for Graduates
Faltering Economy in China Dims Job Prospects for Graduates
faltering 비틀거리는,
Gilles Sabrie for The New York Times
A job fair last month at Minzu University of China in Beijing. Companies have limited positions to offer graduating seniors.
By KEITH BRADSHER and SUE-LIN WONG
Published: June 16, 2013
The Education RevolutionHONG KONG — A record seven million students will graduate from universities and colleges across China in the coming weeks, but their job prospects appear bleak — the latest sign of a troubled Chinese economy.
*bleak 절망적인
Gilles Sabrie for The New York Times
A student interviewing at a job fair at Minzu University of China. The class of 2013 has seven million graduates, a record.
Businesses say they are swamped with job applications but have few positions to offer as economic growth has begun to falter. Twitter-like microblogging sites in China are full of laments from graduates with dim prospects.
*swamp 눈코뜰새없이 바쁜/ lament 한탄하다
*swamp 눈코뜰새없이 바쁜/ lament 한탄하다
The Chinese government is worried, saying that the problem could affect social stability, and it has ordered schools, government agencies and state-owned enterprises to hire more graduates at least temporarily to help relieve joblessness. “The only thing that worries them more than an unemployed low-skilled person is an unemployed educated person,” said Shang-Jin Wei, a Columbia Business School economist.
Lu Mai, the secretary general of the elite, government-backed China Development Research Foundation, acknowledged in a speech this month that less than half of this year’s graduates had found jobs so far.
Graduating seniors at all but a few of China’s top universities say that very few people they know are finding jobs — and that those who did receive offers over the winter were seeing them rescinded as the economy has weakened in recent weeks.
*rescind 해지하다. 폐지하다
*rescind 해지하다. 폐지하다
“Many companies are not expanding at all, while some of my classmates have been hired and fired in the same month when the companies realized that they could not afford the salaries after all,” said Yan Shuang, a graduating senior in labor and human resources at the Beijing Institute of Technology.
Ms. Yan said she had been promised a job at a sports clothing company over the winter. But the company canceled all hiring plans in March as the economy weakened.
China quadrupled the number of students enrolled in universities and colleges over the last decade. But its economy is still driven by manufacturing, with a preponderance of blue-collar jobs. Prime Minister Li Keqiang personally led the cabinet meeting, on May 16, that produced the directive for schools, government agencies and state-owned enterprises to hire more graduates, a strategy that has been used with increasing frequency in recent years to absorb jobless but educated youths.
*quadruple 네배가 되게 만들다/ preponderance 우세한(더많음)
cabinet meeting 각료회의/ absorb 흡수하다. 받아들이다.
*quadruple 네배가 되게 만들다/ preponderance 우세한(더많음)
cabinet meeting 각료회의/ absorb 흡수하다. 받아들이다.
“Any country with an expanding middle class and a rising number of unemployed graduates is in for trouble,” said Gerard A. Postiglione, the director of the Wah Ching Center of Research on Education in China at Hong Kong University.
A national survey released last winter found that in the age bracket of 21- to 25-year-olds, 16 percent of the men and women with college degrees were unemployed.
*bracket 계층, 연령대
*bracket 계층, 연령대
But only 4 percent of those with an elementary school education were unemployed, a sign of voracious corporate demand persisting for blue-collar workers. Wages for workers who have come in from rural areas to urban factories have surged 70 percent in the last four years; wages for young people in white-collar sectors have barely stayed steady or have even declined.
Economists have long estimated that the Chinese economy needs to grow 7 or 8 percent annually to avoid large-scale unemployment. But that rule of thumb has become less reliable in recent years as the labor market has split.
*rule of thumb (엄지손가락의 법칙) 주먹구구식의, 대충 어림잡아, (정확한 통계에 따르지 않고)
*rule of thumb (엄지손가락의 법칙) 주먹구구식의, 대충 어림잡아, (정확한 통계에 따르지 않고)
Relatively slow growth is still creating enough jobs to provide full employment for the country’s blue-collar workers. But much faster growth may be needed to create white-collar jobs for the graduates pouring out of universities.
The International Monetary Fund predicts the Chinese economy will grow 7.75 percent this year — slower than the growth of 10 to 14 percent before 2008, but still a much faster pace than in the West. The main problem for China lies in the sheer growth in graduates; the United States produces three million graduates a year, while China has increased its annual number of graduates by more than five million in a single decade.
One response, endorsed by the State Council, is to urge more graduates to take jobs at small, private companies. But a generation of people who grew up under the government’s “one child” policy has proved risk-averse and slow to join or set up new companies.
The Education Revolution
Articles in this series are examining the promises and challenges that China faces as it tries to educate its citizens more broadly.
“I would not work for private companies, that is not secure — only state-owned ones,” Ms. Yan said.
Many graduating seniors, seeing limited job opportunities, are applying to the country’s fast-expanding graduate schools. Yang Yi, a senior majoring in applied economics at the Beijing Institute of Technology, said that after applying unsuccessfully for jobs through the winter, he was prepared to seek a master’s degree.
“Hopefully the economy will have recovered when I graduate in two years,” he said. “Getting a master’s degree is always better than working in small companies that might not even last long.”
Chinese students have been gravitating toward majors that are perceived as academically less demanding but likely to lead to careers in banking. Business administration and economics majors have proliferated, partly because the country’s many new private universities find them inexpensive subjects to teach. Programs in engineering and other sciences, with their requirements for costly labs, have grown more slowly.
*gravitate (toward)~에 끌리다./ proliferate 급증하다.
*gravitate (toward)~에 끌리다./ proliferate 급증하다.
As in the West in recent years, financial services is an extremely popular field among college graduates, who besiege banks, brokerage firms and other businesses in the sector with job applications. Ministry of Human Resources statistics show that average pay for banking sector employees, at $14,500 a year, is twice the level of pay in sectors like health care and education.
*besiege 포위하다. 에워싸다.
*besiege 포위하다. 에워싸다.
Graduates from the best universities still have a strong chance of finding a job, particularly if they do not set their sights too high. Lin Yinbi, a senior graduating in trade and economics from the prestigious Renmin University in Beijing, said that he had job offers from a heating company and a supermarket chain, but was still applying for a well-paid bank job.
“The question is, What kind of job is it?” he said. “Does it align with our major? Does it pay enough? Do we have room to grow?”
Wang Zhian, a prominent Chinese broadcaster whose microblog has more than 200,000 followers, created a stir this spring by recommending that college graduates take jobs packing and unpacking homes for moving companies.
*prominent 유명한
*prominent 유명한
“The most important thing for graduating seniors is to figure out a way to survive, and if that means you have to become a moving company worker, then so be it,” he said. “You can’t live off your parents forever.”
2013년 6월 5일 수요일
Mainland Chinese Consumers Are Buying Rice And Daily Necessities As Well As Luxury Goods In Hong Kong
출처:http://www.ibtimes.com/mainland-chinese-consumers-are-buying-rice-daily-necessities-well-luxury-goods-hong-kong-1284727
China’s mainlanders have always shopped for luxury goods in Hong Kong, owing to the special administrative region’s lower taxes, but lately, discouraged by news of rampant counterfeit productions from rice and meat to condoms, mainlanders are now buying groceries and other daily essentials in Hong Kong as well.
*rampant 만연하는
*counterfeit 모조의
Shopping in Hong Kong is now nearly a part of some shoppers’ daily routine, according to Yahoo News, because mainlanders simply do not have faith in products made in China anymore. Condoms and sanitary products are now on mainlanders' shopping lists, a pharmacist in the Sheung Shui area of Hong Kong said. A grocer in the same area identified by his last name, Wang, said, 70 percent of the grocery store’s profit comes from mainland shoppers.
*sanitary 위생의
A couple surnamed Zheng from the city of Foshan, in Hong Kong’s neighboring Guangdong province, said they come to Hong Kong regularly to shop and spend nearly 10,000 yuan ($1,631.14) every time.
Depending on where shoppers come from, a trip to Hong Kong could take as little as a few hours on a bus or a train from Shenzhen, a city in Guangdong. Shoppers from farther inland usually have to fly to Hong Kong.
“There is a lot of counterfeit medicine in the mainland, who knows what will happen to you if you eat them?” the couple added.
The most popular item, however, is rice. With China’s cadmium rice scandal, this staple in the Chinese diet has become dangerous. Hong Kong has regulated that each shopper is only allowed to take 15 kilograms (33 lbs) of rice out of Hong Kong. Violators are fined HK$6,400 ($824.35). That wouldn’t stop smugglers though, who are now paying women HK$80 to bring rice into the mainland, which they then sell for a higher price.
*violator 위반자 / smuggler 밀수자
Mainland shoppers’ old favorite, luxury goods, are still in high demand. Two mainland shoppers were seen towing 20 brand-name handbags away, according to Yahoo News.
“Hong Kong’s luxury stores carry more variety. In addition, luxury goods are heavily taxed in the mainland, making them more expensive, that’s why we choose to shop in Hong Kong,” a male shopper, identified by his last name Li, from the coastal city of Suzhou said.
Mainland China levies a 17 percent tax on all luxury goods, whereas Hong Kong levies no import taxes on most luxury goods, making it much cheaper to make large purchases in Hong Kong.
*levy 추가징수(하다)
Mainland consumers may be spending a lot overseas, but they are not indiscriminate in where their money goes.
*indiscriminate 무분별한
“It’s not as good to shop in Hong Kong. Most salespeople are very impatient,” a mainland shopper surnamed Li said, according to Hexun, a Chinese financial news portal. Some shoppers also said that when the salespeople realize they are from the mainland, they will try to sell them impractical, pricey items.
“Luxury goods in Singapore and South Korea are cheaper than they are in Hong Kong now,” a travel agent surnamed Qin said, according to Hexun. “Many mainland shoppers are going to those countries instead.”
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